The framework

Four question types. Four ways to answer.

1

Literal questions — the answer is in the passage

These start with words like Who, What, Where, When, How many. The answer is sitting in the passage in plain sight. Your job is to find it and copy enough of the surrounding sentence to make a complete answer.

Trap: answering with one or two words. "Where did Tom go?" → "Park" often loses marks. "Tom went to the park near his house." is the safe answer.

2

Inference questions — the answer is between the lines

These often start with Why, How do you know that..., What does this suggest... The exact answer is NOT in the passage. You have to combine two or three clues from the text to figure it out.

Trick: use the formula "X is Y because [evidence from text]." Always include the evidence.

3

Vocabulary-in-context — what does this word mean here?

A word is underlined or in bold. The question asks what it means in the passage. The trap: students give the dictionary meaning of the word, when the passage is using it differently.

Trick: read the sentence BEFORE and AFTER the underlined word. The clue is always nearby. Then write a synonym phrase, not just a single word.

4

3-mark questions — three points, three sentences

When the question is worth 3 marks, the marker expects three separate points. One sentence per point. Bullet them in your head as you write. Three points = three marks. Two points = two marks at most.

Trick: use connectors. Firstly, ... Secondly, ... Lastly, .... The marker can see your three points immediately.

Worked example

A short passage. Two answers — one wrong, one right.

The passage

Sarah had been waiting for this day for months. Her hands trembled slightly as she opened the envelope. Inside was a small white card. She read the words three times to be sure. A wide smile spread across her face, and she ran out of the room to find her mother.

The question

"How do you think Sarah felt when she read the card? (2 marks)"

✗ Wrong answer:

Sarah felt happy.

Why it loses marks: it answers the question, but offers no evidence. The marker can't tell if the student understood, or just guessed.

✓ Correct answer:

Sarah felt happy and excited because 'a wide smile spread across her face' and she 'ran out of the room to find her mother' to share the news.

Why it scores: it names the feeling AND quotes two pieces of evidence. The "because" phrase is what locks in the second mark.

For English learners

Three traps to avoid.

01

Copying the whole sentence

When students don't fully understand the question, they copy the entire sentence around the answer. Markers can spot this. They want the answer rephrased into your own words wherever possible.

02

Wrong tense in the answer

If the passage is in past tense, your answer must also be in past tense. Vietnamese and Mandarin do not change verb forms for time, so this is the most common slip for L2 learners.

03

Skipping pronouns

In Mandarin and Vietnamese, the subject of a sentence can often be dropped if context is clear. In English written answers, you must always include the subject. "Felt sad" is wrong. "She felt sad" or "Tom felt sad" is correct.

04

Not using 'because'

For inference and 'why' questions, the word because is your best friend. It tells the marker: "here comes my evidence". Train yourself to use the pattern: [answer] + because + [evidence from text].

Next: vocabulary.

100 PSLE words with sentence + Vietnamese + Chinese gloss. Built for English learners.